Which of the following improvements does not require a building permit?

• A. Structural work
• B. Electrical wiring
• C. Plumbing
• D. Painting and wallpaper hanging

Answer: (D)

Building permits are required for changes that affect the building’s safety or essential systems. Structural work, electrical wiring, and plumbing alter the framework or the building’s core systems, so they typically need review and inspection to ensure code compliance.

Painting and wallpaper hanging, on the other hand, are cosmetic improvements that don’t impact structure or the building’s electrical or plumbing systems. Because of that, they generally don’t require a building permit. There are exceptions, though—if the work involves hazards like lead paint, asbestos, or occurs in a historic district with special rules, or if the scope expands to affect structural or system components, a permit may be needed. Always check with the local building department for the exact requirements in your area.